Responsibilities and access to rights for beneficiaries of temporary protection
The overall aim of this joint EMN-OECD inform is to map national policy and legal changes (both implemented and proposed) that took place from July 2023 to early 2025 concerning the responsibilities and access to rights of BoTP under Directive 2001/55/EC (the Temporary Protection Directive or TPD).6 Access to rights under temporary protection includes access to employment, medical care, education, social security, and access to (or the means to access) suitable accommodation.
Vocational education and training of applicants and beneficiaries of international protection
This inform focuses on VET programmes provided by public authorities to BIP and applicants for international protection who have access to the labour market, either at no cost or with partial funding provided by public authorities. Here, VET programmes refer to programmes aiming to equip BIP and applicants for international protection with the knowledge, skills and competencies required by the labour market, including initial and continuing VET opportunities.
Language and literacy support measures for adult beneficiaries of international protection
This joint EMN, Council of Europe and OECD inform focuses on language and literacy support measures for adult beneficiaries
of international protection (BIP) in EMN Member and Observer Countries. Both formal and non-formal learning measures, as well as literacy programmes aimed at supporting BIP in learning the language of the host country, are included in its scope.
Labour migration in times of labour shortages
This study provides an overview of labour migration laws and policies, as well as initiatives and practices of EMN Member Countries and Serbia targeting third-country nationals between January 2021 and June 2024. It complements the 2024 EMN inform on ‘New and Innovative Ways to Attract Foreign Talent into the EU’, and explores how EMN Member and Observer Countries, and non-EU OECD Countries, use labour migration to address current labour shortages and prevent future ones.
Family reunification of third-country nationals: State of play of law and practice
This study provides an overview of legal and policy developments related to the implementation of the Family Reunification Directive since 2017, as an update to an earlier EMN study on family reunification published that year. It examines the current state of national legislation, policies, and practices after two decades of the Directive’s application, incorporating relevant case law and highlighting challenges and good practices. For countries not applying the Directive, such as Ireland and Serbia, the study offers a comparative perspective on similar national frameworks governing family reunification.
Distribution of International Protection Accommodation Centres and Relationship Management with Local Communities
This inform aims to complement previous work with a more detailed analysis of how distribution is governed and managed, including through specific criteria and mechanisms. It provides a comparative overview of how relevant stakeholders (e.g. local authorities, elected representatives, service providers and the broader public) are informed and engaged before and after a reception centre opens in their community. It also presents challenges and good practices in this area, with a view to identifying opportunities for further collaboration between policymakers and other relevant stakeholders (e.g. local organised groups, NGOs and international organisations).
Year 2024
The Overview Migration and Asylum 2024 of the Spanish National Contact Point for the European Migration Network (EMN) presents the main developments on migration.
2024 was characterised by continued geopolitical instability in the EU neighbourhood and beyond, with multiple overlapping crises shaping migration dynamics. Russia’s ongoing war of aggression against Ukraine remained a driver of displacement. In response, in June 2024, the Council of the EU decided to extend temporary protection until 4 March 2026. In the Middle East and across various parts of Africa, several concurrent developments resulted in regional volatility and displacement, including the escalating conflict in Gaza and rising tensions between Israel and Hezbollah, the instability in north-east Syria involving Turkish and Kurdish forces, the fall of the Assad regime, Sudan’s escalating civil war, and military coups in West Africa.
2024 was also marked by major reforms of EU migration and asylum policy. On 11 June 2024, the Pact was adopted, setting out comprehensive new rules to reform and strengthen the EU’s migration management and asylum system. Set to apply from June 2026, the Pact represents a commitment to balance responsibility and solidarity across EU Member States and reinforce the EU’s ability to manage migration flows more fairly and effectively. It focuses on asylum processes, forced and irregular migration, crisis management and promoting safe and legal pathways, as well as introducing a return border procedure.
The European Migration Migration Network also publishes a separate statistical review, i.e, key figures on immigration in 2023.
Trafficking in human beings – the international dimensión
This study provides an overview of EU-funded measures and EMN Member and Observer Countries’ efforts to address trafficking in human beings of third-country nationals towards their countries: a) in third countries of origin and transit of victims (and potential victims); and b) in their respective countries, where these efforts have an international component. It specifically looked at policies and measures put in place to address this international dimensión of trafficking in human beings, in connection with each of the priorities identified by the EU Strategy on Combatting Trafficking in Human Beings 2021-2025 i.e. prevention and demand reduction; law enforcement and judicial response; identification, protection and support to victims; and international partnerships. The study delved into the challenges and good practices identified by EMN Member and Observer Countries in addressing the international dimensión of trafficking in human beings and provides some examples of outcomes and outputs of existing efforts in this context. Finally, it identified existing needs in addressing the international dimensión of trafficking in human beings and provides some examples of ongoing discussions and plans on future policies and measures to address these needs.
EMN Quaterly
EMNews provides information from period April-June 2025, including the (latest) relevant published statistics.
Application of the Temporary Protection Directive: challenges and good practices in 2003
To provide up-to-date information and avoid duplication with earlier publications from the EMN and other sources, this study provides an overview of developments, challenges and good practices, focusing on specific under-researched topics of interest for national and European policymakers. The study’s geographical scope includes 25 EMN Member Countries.
The main objectives of the study are:
- To present the state of play as of 1 July 2023 and key trends in terms of the numbers of BoTP in EMN Member Countries up to 1 July 2023.
- To provide insights into the legal status and registration of BoTP in EMN Member Countries, including when transitioning to different types and forms of residence or protection.
- To explore a number of key issues related to mobility and movement of beneficiaries, including when travelling to other Member States, outside the EU or going back to Ukraine.
- To provide examples of challenges and good practices from EMN Member Countries in providing access to the rights granted under the TPD.
- To provide an overview of policies and measures in place in EMN Member Countries to ensure support for unaccompanied minors, children arriving accompanied by a guardian, and other vulnerable groups.