Alternatives to providing housing in-kind for applicants for international protection
This report analyses alternatives to housing in kind for applicants for international protection in the Member States of the European Union. In particular, it examines the use of financial allowances, rent subsidies, and mixed models as potential substitutes for or complements to traditional reception systems.
It also assesses the impact of these alternatives on beneficiaries’ autonomy and integration, as well as on the efficiency and sustainability of reception systems. In addition, the report identifies key challenges in their implementation and highlights good practices, with the aim of supporting the development of more effective, flexible, and applicant-centred policies.
Safe countries of origin and safe third countries criteria for identifying and examining applications for asylum in the light of the new Procedural Regulation
This inform maps national legislation and policy regarding the asylum procedures that apply to the concepts of SCO and STC, with a view to supporting legislators to understand and implement the changes required by the Asylum Procedure Regulation. More specifically, it compares national policies and practices for designating SCOs and STCs. The information refers to current legislation and policies in those EMN Member Countries regulated by Articles 36–38 of the recast Asylum Procedures Directive and relevant provisions in other EMN Member and Observer Countries
Vocational education and training of applicants and beneficiaries of international protection
This inform focuses on VET programmes provided by public authorities to BIP and applicants for international protection who have access to the labour market, either at no cost or with partial funding provided by public authorities. Here, VET programmes refer to programmes aiming to equip BIP and applicants for international protection with the knowledge, skills and competencies required by the labour market, including initial and continuing VET opportunities.
Statelessness in the European Union, Norway, Georgia and Serbia
This report aims to analyse the situation of statelessness in the European Union, Norway, Georgia and Serbia, providing an updated overview of the existing legal frameworks, policies and practices across these countries. In particular, it examines the extent of adherence to relevant international instruments, the procedures for determining stateless status, and the rights and protection mechanisms available, including access to residence permits, basic services and citizenship. Furthermore, the report seeks to identify challenges, divergences and good practices among participating States, contributing to the exchange of information and to the strengthening of institutional responses to statelessness at both the European and international levels.
Responsibilities and access to rights for beneficiaries of temporary protection
The overall aim of this joint EMN-OECD inform is to map national policy and legal changes (both implemented and proposed) that took place from July 2023 to early 2025 concerning the responsibilities and access to rights of BoTP under Directive 2001/55/EC (the Temporary Protection Directive or TPD).6 Access to rights under temporary protection includes access to employment, medical care, education, social security, and access to (or the means to access) suitable accommodation.
Language and literacy support measures for adult beneficiaries of international protection
This joint EMN, Council of Europe and OECD inform focuses on language and literacy support measures for adult beneficiaries
of international protection (BIP) in EMN Member and Observer Countries. Both formal and non-formal learning measures, as well as literacy programmes aimed at supporting BIP in learning the language of the host country, are included in its scope.
Distribution of International Protection Accommodation Centres and Relationship Management with Local Communities
This inform aims to complement previous work with a more detailed analysis of how distribution is governed and managed, including through specific criteria and mechanisms. It provides a comparative overview of how relevant stakeholders (e.g. local authorities, elected representatives, service providers and the broader public) are informed and engaged before and after a reception centre opens in their community. It also presents challenges and good practices in this area, with a view to identifying opportunities for further collaboration between policymakers and other relevant stakeholders (e.g. local organised groups, NGOs and international organisations).
Currently applicable asylum procedures at the border in view of implementing the Pact on Migration and Asylum
In the context of the implementation of a common asylum procedure at the external borders by 2026 as part of the Pact on Migration and Asylum, this inform aims to enhance the understanding of the border procedures currently applied by the EMN Member Countries in application of the Asylum Procedures Directive.
As such, the inform complements the ongoing work done by EU Member States and the European Commission in relation to the implementation of the Pact and the previous studies on border procedures by the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA)5 and the European Parliament Research Service (EPRS).6
By showing various features of border procedures in the EMN Member Countries, the inform aims to support states in their implementation of the Pact. It will also allow for comparative analyses of pre- and post-Pact procedures in the future.
Bridging the digital divide - Digital services in legal migration procedures for accessibility and inclusion
This inform focuses on accessibility for applicants with disabilities and the inclusion of digitally disadvantaged applicants in their use of digital services in legal migration procedures in EMN Member and Observer Countries.
It covers third-country nationals applying for an authorisation to stay through legal migration channels, including labour and student migration (and their families), and EU-law based categories (e.g. EU Blue Card, intra-corporate transfers, researchers, long-term residents), as well as national long-stay visas (D-visas), irrespective of duration. Procedures linked to international protection and temporary protection are excluded from the scope of the inform.
Access to remedies for international protection applicants
This inform maps how EMN Member Countries organise their first instance appeals procedures. It aims to provide comparable information on the current organisation of appeals procedures to assist in the implementation of changes to appeals procedures in the context of the Pact on Migration and Asylum. This inform is based on responses from 22 EMN Member Countries.